Reinforcing fiber pellets

ABSTRACT

A reinforcing composition is provided comprising pellets produced by the process of hydrating glass fibers to achieve a water content on the glass fibers of from about 11 weight percent to about 20 weight percent, mixing the glass fibers for at least about three minutes, thereby forming pellets, and drying.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates generally to a novel glass compositionand, more particularly, to pellets produced from glass fibers by mixinghydrated glass fibers to form pellets, and drying.

Chopped glass strands are commonly used as reinforcement material forthermoplastic articles. Glass strands of particular lengths anddiameters are added to thermoplastic resins to form such compositearticles as automotive distributer caps, power hand tool housings, fanshroud, and chain saw housings.

Since glass strands are used as a reinforcement material, larger, denserglass materials are constantly being sought. One variation involvescompacting the glass strands. Compacted chopped glass strands havepreviously been used as thermoplastic reinforcement material. The priorart discloses a method for producing compacted glass strands by wettingchopped glass strands and vibrating them. However, this method is slowand produces a fiber rod which is consolidated from one chopped strand.Therefore, the diameter of the glass fiber rod of the prior art is notsignificantly greater than an individual chopped strand.

Therefore, a need still exists for an improved thermoplastic reinforcingglass product which is significantly denser and larger in diameter thanan individual chopped strand and which can be produced efficiently.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

This need is met by the present invention, whereby an improved glassfiber product is provided which demonstrates increased density and alarger diameter than an individual chopped strand.

In accordance with a first aspect of the present invention, areinforcing composition is provided. The reinforcing compositioncomprises pellets produced by the process of hydrating glass fibers toachieve a water content on the glass fibers of from about 11 weightpercent to about 20 weight percent, mixing the glass fibers for at leastabout three minutes, thereby forming pellets, and drying. Preferably,the glass fibers are mixed for a period of time from about 3 minutes toabout 15 minutes. More preferably, the glass fibers are mixed for aperiod of time from about 5 minutes to about 10 minutes. Mostpreferably, the glass fibers are mixed for a period of time from about 8minutes to about 9 minutes.

Also, the water content of the glass fibers is preferably from about 12weight percent to about 18 weight percent. More preferably, the watercontent of the glass fibers is from about 14 weight percent to about 15weight percent.

Preferably, the glass fibers are of a length between 1/16 inch and 1/2inch. More preferably, the glass fibers are of a length between 1/8 inchand 1/4 inch. Most preferably, the glass fibers are of a length between5/32 inch and 3/16 inch.

In addition, the pellets are preferably dried at a temperature of fromabout 150° C. to about 315° C. More preferably, the pellets are dried ata temperature of from about 200° C. to about 250° C.

Also, two or more different diameters of the glass fibers may be used.

In accordance with a second aspect of the present invention, a processfor producing a novel glass fiber composition is provided. The processcomprises the steps of: hydrating glass fibers by coating the glassfibers with sufficient water to achieve a water content on the glassfibers of from about 11 weight percent to about 20 weight percent,mixing the glass fibers for at least about three minutes, therebyforming pellets, and drying. Preferably, the glass fibers are mixed fora period of time from about 3 minutes to about 15 minutes. Morepreferably, the glass fibers are mixed for a period of time from about 5minutes to about 10 minutes. Most preferably, the glass fibers are mixedfor a period of time from about 8 minutes to about 9 minutes.

Also, the water content of the glass fibers is preferably from about 12weight percent to about 18 weight percent. More preferably, the watercontent of the glass fibers is from about 14 weight percent to about 15weight percent.

Preferably, the glass fibers are of a length between 1/16 inch and 1/2inch. More preferably, the glass fibers are of a length between 1/8 inchand 1/4 inch. Most preferably, the glass fibers are of a length between5/32 inch and 3/16 inch.

In addition, the pellets are preferably dried at a temperature of fromabout 150° C to about 315° C. More preferably, the pellets are dried ata temperature of from about 200° C to about 250° C.

Also, two or more different diameters of the glass fibers may be used.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

An improved glass composition for reinforcing thermoplastic materials isprovided. The glass composition does not resemble typical chopped glassstrand. The glass fiber composition of the present invention, which isidentified as a reinforcing fiber pellet (RFP), is a compactpellet-shaped material composed of a layering of many glass fibers.

RFPs are composed of glass fibers. These fibers may be selected from awide variety of diameters and lengths. Preferably, the glass fibers havea diameter in the range of from about 8.5 microns to about 100 microns.More preferably, the glass fibers have a diameter in the range of fromabout 8.5 to about 34 microns. Also, fibers of more than one diametermay be used.

The glass fibers are preferably chopped strands. These chopped strandsare preferably of a length between 1/16 inch and 1/2 inch. Morepreferably, they are of a length between 1/8 inch and 1/4 inch. Mostpreferably, the chopped strands are about 5/32 inch in length.

The glass fibers are hydrated and mixed for a sufficient period of timeto produce pellets. The hydration of the fibers should be sufficient toprevent filamentization of the fibers. Also, the fibers should not beexcessively hydrated or the fibers will agglomerate into a uselessclump. Preferably, the water content of the hydrated glass fibers isfrom about 11 weight percent to about 20 weight percent. Morepreferably, the water content of tile hydrated glass fibers is fromabout 12 weight percent to about 18 weight percent. Most preferably, thewater content of the hydrated glass fibers is from about 14 weightpercent to about 15 weight percent. The hydration solution may be wateralone or may be water in combination with other compositions such ascoupling agents, film formers, wetting agents, thickeners, binders,lubricants, and anti-static agents.

The hydrated glass fibers are preferably mixed for a period of time fromabout 3 minutes to about 15 minutes. More preferably, the glass fibersare mixed for a period of time from about 5 minutes to about 10 minutes.Most preferably, the glass fibers are mixed for a period of time fromabout 8 minutes to about 9 minutes. The term "mixing" is used in thepresent invention to describe any process which will keep fibers movingover and around one another. Such processes may also be described astumbling, agitating, blending, commingling, stirring, and intermingling.

The glass fibers may be hydrated and mixed in a variety of methods. Onemethod involves placing glass fibers in a plastic bag. The bag isflattened and water or an aqueous solution is sprayed directly on thefibers. The bag is then rotated, flattened, and liquid is once againapplied. The spraying continues until the desired degree of hydration isreached. The rotating process is complete when glass pellets form in thebag. Other processes can also be used to hydrate and mix the glassfibers. These processes include a modified disk pelletizer, a rotatingdrum pelletizer, a vibrating bed, a plow mixer, and a ribbon mixer.

Preferably, a commercially available disk pelletizer is modified andused to hydrate and mix the glass fibers. A disk pelletizer operates byrotating a large, dish-shaped disk. The disk is maintained at a 25° to30° angle. Commercially available disk pelletizers have scraper bladesinside the disk which prevent clumps of powder from forming. For use inthe present invention, the disk pelletizer is modified by removing thescraper blades from the interior of the disk and coating the interior ofthe disk with a non-wetting coating such as Teflon™. The scraper bladesare removed to allow the glass fibers to freely mix. The non-wettingcoating is applied to prevent build-up of glass fibers on the interiorsurface of the disk.

In the present invention, chopped glass strands are introduced into thebottom of the modified disk. The glass strands are treated with anaqueous solution as they rotate in the disk. Finally, the hydrated,pelletized glass fibers are removed from the pelletizer by passing overthe front lip of the disk. A continuous process is achieved as pelletsfall from the disk as fiber is continuously introduced into the bottomof the modified disk.

The pelletized glass fibers are dried to form the glass fiber pellets ofthe present invention. Preferably, the glass fibers are dried at atemperature of from about 150° C. to about 315° C. More preferably, atemperature of from about 185° C. to about 300° C. is used. Mostpreferably, a temperature of from about 200° C. to about 250° C. isused.

Drying can be accomplished in a variety of manners. A preferred methoduses a fluidized bed oven known as a Jeffrey oven. A Jeffrey oven is acommercially available drying device. However, other processes such as aheat tower, a cookie sheet used in a convection or microwave oven, andothers may be used.

The resulting glass fiber product is a compact pellet-shaped materialcomposed of a layering of many glass fibers. The glass fiber pelletproduced by the present invention is about 20 to 30 percent denser thanan individual glass strand. Also, the glass fiber pellet produced by thepresent invention is about five to fifteen times larger in diameter thanan individual glass strand. The glass fiber pellets are useful as areinforcing material for thermoplastics and other materials. Also, theglass fiber pellets of the present invention may be used in othercapacities that would be apparent to one skilled in the art.

The following example is given to illustrate certain preferred detailsof the invention, it being understood that the details of the exampleare not to be taken as in any way limiting the invention thereto.

EXAMPLE

3400 grams of wet glass fiber is placed in a 24 inch by 42 inchpolyurethane bag. The glass fiber is wet due to forming moistureacquired during manufacture of the glass fibers. The fibers are spreadout in a flat, thin layer with the bag flat on the table. A solutioncontaining 958.5 grams of water and 41.5 grams of TGIC (triglycidylisocyanurate) is placed in a spray bottle and applied to the glassfibers in the following manner: The flat, thin layer of glass is sprayedwith solution, the bag is then flipped 180 degrees, flattened, andsprayed again. The bag is then flipped 90 degrees, flattened, andsprayed. The flipping, flattening, and spraying procedure is continued.The bag is alternately flipped 180 degrees and then 90 degrees. When 200grams of solution have been applied and the measured water content ofthe fibers is about 15 percent, spraying is stopped. The process iscomplete when glass pellets form in the bag. The bag is then tied close.

The bagged glass fibers are dried. The bagged glass fibers are slowlyhand fed into a Jeffrey oven set at 205° C. screened, and boxed. Theresulting glass composition is pellet-shaped. The glass strand pelletsare of the same length as the input chopped strands. Also, the pelletsdo not agglomerate into larger pellets when mixed for a prolonged periodof time.

The present invention results in several advantages. RFPs exhibit muchbetter flow and fewer fines than typical chopped strand products. Also,sizings and binders can be applied to the glass pellets outside of theglass forming environment. Therefore, chemistries which are notdesirable in the forming process because of toxicity, cleanliness, etc.can be used with this product.

In addition, the pelletizing process of the present invention producesimproved glass strand pellets of the same length as the input choppedstrands. Furthermore, the pellets do not agglomerate into larger pelletswhen mixed for a prolonged period of time. This simplifies the processand reduces the chance of non-uniform product.

Having described the invention in detail and by reference to preferredembodiments thereof, it will be apparent that modifications andvariations are possible without departing from the scope of theinvention defined in the appended claims.

We claim:
 1. A reinforcing composition comprising pellets produced bythe process of hydrating 1/16 inch to 1/2 inch long glass fibers toachieve a water content on said glass fibers of from about 11 weightpercent to about 20 weight percent, mixing said glass fibers for atleast about three minutes, thereby forming pellets, and drying.
 2. Thereinforcing composition of claim 1 wherein said glass fibers are mixedfor a period of time from about 3 minutes to about 15 minutes.
 3. Thereinforcing composition of claim 2 wherein said glass fibers are mixedfor a period of time from about 5 minutes to about 10 minutes.
 4. Thereinforcing composition of claim 3 wherein said glass fibers are mixedfor a period of time from about 8 minutes to about 9 minutes.
 5. Thereinforcing composition of claim 1 wherein the water content of saidglass fibers is from about 12 weight percent to about 18 weight percent.6. The reinforcing composition of claim 5 wherein the water content ofsaid glass fibers is from about 14 weight percent to about 15 weightpercent.
 7. The reinforcing composition of claim 1 wherein said glassfibers are of a length between 1/8 inch and 1/4 inch.
 8. The reinforcingcomposition of claim 1 wherein said pellets are dried at a temperatureof from about 150° C. to about 315° C.
 9. The reinforcing composition ofclaim 8 wherein said pellets are dried at a temperature of from about200° C. to about 250° C.
 10. The reinforcing composition of claim 1wherein two or more different diameters of said glass fibers are used.11. The reinforcing composition of claim 1 wherein a binder is added tosaid glass fibers prior to said mixing of said glass fibers.